bgmole on wikipedia

1. L’interfaccia presenta i dati
2. L’utente ne prende coscienza tramite visualizzazione grafica
3. Immette dati tramite dispositivi di input
4. L’interfaccia calcola l’algoritmo relativo all’operazione
5. Restituisce un output che è l’esito del percorso cognitivo fatto dall’utente.

On peut en effet toujours donner à un ordinateur une construction telle qu’une opération très particulière (par exemple le calcul de pi ou l’impression de l’intégrale des œuvres de Victor Hugo) y sera codée par un bit. On retrouve ici la notion connue qu’une information n’est jamais contenue dans un message seul, mais toujours dans le couple message + décodeur pris de façon indissociable. Aussi la notion de « plus petit programme théorique » ne peut-elle être définie opérationnellement de façon rigoureuse et univoque qu’avec la référence à une machine. On pourrait objecter qu’il suffit de prendre comme référence la machine la plus simple. C’est oublier que ce que nous nommerons simple dépend justement de notre vécu et de notre langage, tous deux arbitraires.

Une difficulté supplémentaire réside dans le fait que la complexité de Kolmogorov n’est pas décidable : on peut donner un algorithme produisant l’objet voulu, ce qui prouve que la complexité de cet objet est au plus la taille de cet algorithme. Mais on ne peut pas écrire de programme qui donne la complexité de Kolmogorov de tout objet que l’on voudrait lui donner en entrée.

La notion, manipulée avec précaution, se révèle néanmoins à l’origine de nombreux résultats théoriques.

The northern route passes through the Bulgar–Kypchak region. It travels northwest through the Chinese province of Gansu, and splits into three further routes, two of them passing north and south of the Taklamakan desert to rejoin at Kashgar; and the other going north of the Tien Shan mountains through Turfan and Almaty. All of these routes cross high mountain passes to join up at Kokand in the Fergana Valley, and the roads continue west across the Karakum Desert towards Merv, joining the southern route briefly.

One route turns northwest along the Amu Darya (river) to the Aral Sea, through ancient civilizations under the present site of Astrakhan, and on to the Crimean peninsula. From there it crosses the Black Sea, Marmara Sea and the Balkans to Venice, another crosses the Caspian Sea and across the Caucasus to the Black Sea in Georgia, thence to Constantinople.

Egli mostrò come le tendenze sociologiche contemporanee, come ad esempio le commemorazioni, le donazioni di massa per le vittime dello tsunami ed altri eccessi, non siano altro che i mezzi osceni dell’estensione totalitaria del Bene finalizzata ad ottenere una coesione sociale.

They then undertook a night march to escape, but marched straight into another trap that Arminius had set, at the foot of Kalkriese Hill. There, the sandy, open strip on which the Romans could march easily was constricted by the hill, so that there was a gap of only about 100 m between the woods and the swampland at the edge of the Great Bog. Moreover, the road was blocked by a trench, and, toward the forest, an earthen wall had been built along the roadside, permitting the Germanic tribesmen to attack the Romans from cover. The Romans made a desperate attempt to storm the wall, but failed, and the highest-ranking officer next to Varus, Numonius Vala, abandoned the troops by riding off with the cavalry; however, he too was overtaken by the Germanic cavalry and killed, according to Velleius Paterculus. The Germanic warriors then stormed the field and slaughtered the disintegrating Roman forces; Varus committed suicide. Velleius reports that one commander, Ceionus, “shamefully” surrendered, while his colleague Eggius “heroically” died leading his doomed troops.